The 5 most important questions to ask when buying ...

Here are the 5 key questions to ask:

1. What is the strength of the belt?

When selecting a conveyor belt, one of the primary considerations is its strength. To determine the appropriate strength, you need to evaluate several factors, including the tonnage per hour (t/h), lifting height, conveyor length, motor power, and incline angle. Additionally, whether the conveyor system has a gradual or sudden start is crucial. For exceptionally heavy loads, consulting with belt manufacturers for precise calculations is advisable.

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To gauge the strength of a conveyor belt quickly, you can refer to the product designation.

Example:

A belt may be labeled EP400/3 4+2, where letters and numbers denote specific characteristics:

• The initial numbers, in this instance, '400', indicate strength measured in newtons per millimeter (n/mm).
• The number following the slash, '3', represents the number of layers.
• The numbers '4+2' denote the rubber thickness on each side, with '4' being the top layer and '2' for the underside.
• The prefix stands for the fabric/material type, with 'EP' referring to a polyester-polyamide combination, commonly used in standard belts.

There are various quality grades of conveyor belts, such as 250/2, 315/3, 500/3, 630/4, and more. These numerical designations provide a general indication of strength.

The actual strength of each belt is documented in a test certificate, detailing the force required to break the belt. It's wise to review this certificate to verify strength claims.

2. How resistant to wear is the belt?

Another critical metric is the wear resistance of the conveyor belt. Often listed as abrasion in testing specifications, it quantifies how many cubic millimeters (mm3) are stripped away during a defined testing cycle. (Note: This test is performed practically using a machine where a sample is sanded with certified abrasive media.) The value reflects the opposite of wear resistance, meaning lower mm3 values indicate a more wear-resistant belt.

The standard DIN specification for a quality Y-belt is 150 mm3. A belt meeting this standard should have abrasion less than this threshold. Notably, high-performing belts often show abrasion levels between 110 and 120 mm3, significantly below the maximum.

3. Does it match the drum size?

The diameter of both the drive and return drums is vital when selecting a conveyor belt. Smaller diameter drums require consideration, as a belt with too many layers may not flex adequately. If a thick belt made of numerous layers bends excessively, the layers can separate, compromising performance.

Example:
If transporting substantial volumes on a steep incline, a robust conveyor belt with multiple fabric layers will be necessary. However, using a small drum may cause the layers to separate, resulting in a loss of strength.

4. Is a specialized belt required?

There are instances where specialized belts or custom constructions have significantly extended service life. When dealing with heavy loads, alternatives featuring superior rubber can be beneficial.

In unique scenarios, testing and calculations may be required for proper ordering. Most suppliers are willing to assist with this process. If your application involves a belt situated beneath a large crusher, or over considerable distances, opting for a belt with enhanced rubber, multiple layers, and robust cores could be prudent.

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In these cases, reviewing the tensile strength noted in the inspection certificate will help ascertain the belt's capacity to handle impacts and heavy loads.

5. What quality standards does the manufacturer uphold?

Conveyor belts made with high-quality rubber from reputable European manufacturers typically adhere to stricter quality standards compared to the standard DIN norm. Established brands maintain modern factory facilities and refined production processes, ensuring consistent quality with every produced belt. They often conduct wear and strength tests as well, and some even provide test certificates to validate their quality claims.

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When placing an order, you may typically need to specify the required quality, width, and thickness of the belt.

It’s beneficial to provide additional details such as:

• Quantity (tons per hour)
• Type of materials being transported
• Specific operational conditions

By asking these questions and addressing the various aspects mentioned above, you will be better prepared to select the right conveyor belt for your application. In the realm of conveyor belt purchases, the initial cost may not be the most critical factor. The primary consideration should encompass a thorough evaluation of your operational requirements. Selecting the right belt will significantly influence production efficiency and guarantee the maximum durability per ton produced over time.

The choice of a rubber conveyor belt revolves around its conveying capacity, influenced by terrain and environmental conditions. Understanding these parameters is essential for determining the carcass material, structural composition, safety factors, and overall length of heavy-duty rubber conveyor belts. Conveyor belts may be tailored for various applications, including heat resistance, wear resistance, fire resistance, and oil resistance, making them suitable for transporting solid materials across mining, metallurgy, steel, coal, hydropower, building materials, chemicals, food, and more.

Carcass Material and Structure Selection for Rubber Conveyor Belts:

The performance of a conveyor belt is intrinsically linked to its material, structural design, and layer count. Multi-layer cotton canvas belts exhibit low strength and are not fatigue-resistant, leading to higher energy consumption. Meanwhile, nylon belts possess superior strength, elasticity, and resistance to impact and bending.

Polyester belts parallel nylon in strength but offer improved modulus, less elongation, and better dimensional stability, making them an industrial favorite. Steel cord conveyor belts provide exceptional strength with minimal elongation, making them perfect for demanding conditions.

Structurally, rubber conveyor belts consist of a carcass, cover layer, and skim rubber material, with the cover layer significantly influencing performance. The industry classifies conveyor belts into heavy and light categories based on the materials used. Heavy belts, primarily comprising natural and synthetic rubber, serve heavy industries and infrastructure, while light belts utilize polymers for light industrial operations.

Choosing the Cover Material:

Selecting the cover layer involves choosing the right material, surface profile, and thickness. Different rubbers offer various properties; for instance, natural rubber exhibits high abrasion resistance, while ethylene-propylene rubber excels at heat resistance. Selecting the appropriate cover material requires consideration of the conveyed materials, working conditions, and environments.

Moreover, increasing the thickness of the cover layer enhances impact and abrasion resistance. With the transition from cotton canvas cores to synthetic fiber structures, performance has improved while thickness has been reduced. To maximize overall belt performance, increasing cover layer thickness is essential, although excessive thickness can lead to increased running resistance.

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